[Openswan Users] NO_PROPOSAL_CHOSEN error while connecting
Viacheslav Dushin
slava333 at gmail.com
Tue Apr 16 12:00:27 UTC 2013
Hi, everybody.
First of all, thanks for the answers
I also have some stupid questions: what does all these states mean? What is
the last state after establishing a connection?
In some tutorials PKS is inside brackets, but on in the other ones it's
without them. Which one is correct? My PKS contains letters and numbers
only:
my /etc/ipsec.secrets file
# this file is managed with debconf and will contain the automatically
created RSA keys
#include /var/lib/openswan/ipsec.secrets.inc
1.1.1.123 2.2.2.2: PSK XXXXXX
/etc/ipsec.secrets file ends
Also does anybody have succeeded in using openswan on XEN VPS and/or
Cisco-Unity? Maybe the problem is in XEN or Cisco-Unity.
I'll keep digging.
Thanks, Slava
2013/4/16 Simon Deziel <simon at xelerance.com>
> Hi Slava,
>
> On 13-04-15 10:59 AM, Viacheslav Dushin wrote:
> > Hi, I'm trying to create site-to-site connection
> >
> >
> > My provider sent me the following settings:
> >
> >>VPN server address – 2.2.2.2
> >>Client subnet 10.128.139.0/24 <http://10.128.139.0/24>
> >>Destiantion subnet - 10.128.0.0/24 <http://10.128.0.0/24>
> >>PSK: – XXXXXXXXX
> >>VPN mode: – tunnel, PSK, 3DES encryption, hash: SHA1, UDP encapsulation
>
> UDP encapsulation means you should enable nat_traversal and might also
> need to use "forceencaps=yes" for the connection. You might also need to
> disable PFS but this should be confirmed with the remote side.
>
> HTH,
> Simon
What if I don't need nat traversal? I have no NAT on my server. Or is it my
provider, who is behind NAT?
2013/4/15 Gertjan Baarda <gertjan.baarda at gmail.com>
> This message can appear for various reasons, most likely both sides can't
agree on the IKE params.
> Try:
> pfs=no
> ike=3des-sha1-modp1024
> esp=3des-sha1
> (notice the removed exclamation point)
>
> or else:
> pfs=no
> ike=3des-sha1
> esp=3des-sha1
Still the same: with modp1024 or without it hangs on STATE_MAIN_I4
2013/4/15 Leto <letoams at gmail.com>
> try modp1536 and/or pfs=no
>
> sent from a tiny device
In case of modp1536 or modp2048 it hangs on the first stage (STATE_MAIN_I1)
2013/4/16 Simon Deziel <simon at xelerance.com>
> Hi Slava,
>
> On 13-04-15 10:59 AM, Viacheslav Dushin wrote:
> > Hi, I'm trying to create site-to-site connection
> >
> >
> > My provider sent me the following settings:
> >
> >>VPN server address – 2.2.2.2
> >>Client subnet 10.128.139.0/24 <http://10.128.139.0/24>
> >>Destiantion subnet - 10.128.0.0/24 <http://10.128.0.0/24>
> >>PSK: – XXXXXXXXX
> >>VPN mode: – tunnel, PSK, 3DES encryption, hash: SHA1, UDP encapsulation
>
> UDP encapsulation means you should enable nat_traversal and might also
> need to use "forceencaps=yes" for the connection. You might also need to
> disable PFS but this should be confirmed with the remote side.
>
> HTH,
> Simon
>
> > I configured it accordingly, but it doesn't want to connect:
> >
> > It fails with "NO_PROPOSAL_CHOSEN"
> >
> > Apr 15 18:34:38 vm12202 pluto[4039]: "telphin" #1: transition from state
> > STATE_MAIN_I3 to state STATE_MAIN_I4
> > Apr 15 18:34:38 vm12202 pluto[4039]: "telphin" #1: STATE_MAIN_I4: ISAKMP
> > SA established {auth=OAKLEY_PRESHARED_KEY cipher=oakley_3des_cbc_192
> > prf=oakley_sha group=modp1024}
> > Apr 15 18:34:38 vm12202 pluto[4039]: "telphin" #2: initiating Quick Mode
> > PSK+ENCRYPT+TUNNEL+PFS+UP+IKEv2ALLOW+SAREFTRACK {using isakmp#1
> > msgid:cccf4cf7 proposal=3DES(3)_192-SHA1(2)_160
> > pfsgroup=OAKLEY_GROUP_MODP1024}
> > Apr 15 18:34:38 vm12202 pluto[4039]: "telphin" #1: ignoring
> > informational payload, type NO_PROPOSAL_CHOSEN msgid=00000000
> > Apr 15 18:34:38 vm12202 pluto[4039]: "telphin" #1: received and ignored
> > informational message
> >
> >
> > Openswan version: Linux Openswan U2.6.38/K3.1.0-1.2-xen (netkey)
> >
> >
> > 1.1.1.123 is my local address
> > 1.1.1.1 is my default gateway
> > 2.2.2.2 is remote server address
> >
> >
> > Thanks, Slava
> >
> >
> > See all logs and configs below:
> >
> >
> > ipsec.conf start
> >
> >
> > # /etc/ipsec.conf - Openswan IPsec configuration file
> >
> > # This file: /usr/share/doc/openswan/ipsec.conf-sample
> > #
> > # Manual: ipsec.conf.5
> >
> >
> > version2.0# conforms to second version of ipsec.conf specification
> >
> > # basic configuration
> > config setup
> > #interfaces="%defaultroute"
> > # Do not set debug options to debug configuration issues!
> > # plutodebug / klipsdebug = "all", "none" or a combation from below:
> > # "raw crypt parsing emitting control klips pfkey natt x509 dpd private"
> > # eg:
> > # plutodebug="control parsing"
> > # Again: only enable plutodebug or klipsdebug when asked by a developer
> > #
> > # enable to get logs per-peer
> > # plutoopts="--perpeerlog"
> > #
> > # Enable core dumps (might require system changes, like ulimit -C)
> > # This is required for abrtd to work properly
> > # Note: incorrect SElinux policies might prevent pluto writing the core
> > dumpdir=/var/run/pluto/
> > #
> > # NAT-TRAVERSAL support, see README.NAT-Traversal
> > nat_traversal=no
> > # exclude networks used on server side by adding %v4:!a.b.c.0/24
> > # It seems that T-Mobile in the US and Rogers/Fido in Canada are
> > # using 25/8 as "private" address space on their 3G network.
> > # This range has not been announced via BGP (at least upto 2010-12-21)
> > virtual_private=%v4:
> 10.0.0.0/8,%v4:192.168.0.0/16,%v4:172.16.0.0/12,%v4:25.0.0.0/8,%v6:fd00::/8,%v6:fe80::/10
> > <
> http://10.0.0.0/8,%v4:192.168.0.0/16,%v4:172.16.0.0/12,%v4:25.0.0.0/8,%v6:fd00::/8,%v6:fe80::/10
> >
> > # OE is now off by default. Uncomment and change to on, to enable.
> > oe=off
> > # which IPsec stack to use. auto will try netkey, then klips then mast
> > protostack=netkey
> > # Use this to log to a file, or disable logging on embedded systems
> > (like openwrt)
> > #plutostderrlog=/dev/null
> >
> >
> > # Add connections here
> >
> > # sample VPN connection
> > # for more examples, see /etc/ipsec.d/examples/
> > #conn sample
> > ## Left security gateway, subnet behind it, nexthop toward right.
> > #left=10.0.0.1
> > #leftsubnet=172.16.0.0/24 <http://172.16.0.0/24>
> > #leftnexthop=10.22.33.44
> > ## Right security gateway, subnet behind it, nexthop toward left.
> > #right=10.12.12.1
> > #rightsubnet=192.168.0.0/24 <http://192.168.0.0/24>
> > #rightnexthop=10.101.102.103
> > ## To authorize this connection, but not actually start it,
> > ## at startup, uncomment this.
> > ##auto=add
> >
> >
> > conn telphin
> > left=1.1.1.123 # left for local
> > leftsubnet=10.128.139.0/24 <http://10.128.139.0/24>
> > leftnexthop=%defaultroute
> > right=2.2.2.2 # right for remote
> > rightsubnet=10.128.0.0/24 <http://10.128.0.0/24>
> > rightnexthop=%defaultroute
> > type=tunnel
> > authby=secret
> > auto=start
> > auth=esp
> > keyexchange=ike
> > ike=3des-sha1-modp1024!
> > esp=3des-sha1!
> > pfs=yes
> >
> > ipsec.conf end
> >
> >
> > status start
> >
> > ipsec auto --status
> > 000 using kernel interface: netkey
> > 000 interface lo/lo ::1
> > 000 interface lo/lo 127.0.0.1
> > 000 interface eth0/eth0 1.1.1.123
> > 000 interface tun0/tun0 10.128.139.1
> > 000 %myid = (none)
> > 000 debug none
> > 000
> > 000 virtual_private (%priv):
> > 000 - allowed 6 subnets: 10.0.0.0/8 <http://10.0.0.0/8>, 192.168.0.0/16
> > <http://192.168.0.0/16>, 172.16.0.0/12 <http://172.16.0.0/12>,
> > 25.0.0.0/8 <http://25.0.0.0/8>, fd00::/8, fe80::/10
> > 000 - disallowed 0 subnets:
> > 000 WARNING: Disallowed subnets in virtual_private= is empty. If you have
> > 000 private address space in internal use, it should be
> excluded!
> > 000
> > 000 algorithm ESP encrypt: id=2, name=ESP_DES, ivlen=8, keysizemin=64,
> > keysizemax=64
> > 000 algorithm ESP encrypt: id=3, name=ESP_3DES, ivlen=8, keysizemin=192,
> > keysizemax=192
> > 000 algorithm ESP encrypt: id=6, name=ESP_CAST, ivlen=8, keysizemin=40,
> > keysizemax=128
> > 000 algorithm ESP encrypt: id=7, name=ESP_BLOWFISH, ivlen=8,
> > keysizemin=40, keysizemax=448
> > 000 algorithm ESP encrypt: id=11, name=ESP_NULL, ivlen=0, keysizemin=0,
> > keysizemax=0
> > 000 algorithm ESP encrypt: id=12, name=ESP_AES, ivlen=8, keysizemin=128,
> > keysizemax=256
> > 000 algorithm ESP encrypt: id=13, name=ESP_AES_CTR, ivlen=8,
> > keysizemin=160, keysizemax=288
> > 000 algorithm ESP encrypt: id=14, name=ESP_AES_CCM_A, ivlen=8,
> > keysizemin=128, keysizemax=256
> > 000 algorithm ESP encrypt: id=15, name=ESP_AES_CCM_B, ivlen=8,
> > keysizemin=128, keysizemax=256
> > 000 algorithm ESP encrypt: id=16, name=ESP_AES_CCM_C, ivlen=8,
> > keysizemin=128, keysizemax=256
> > 000 algorithm ESP encrypt: id=18, name=ESP_AES_GCM_A, ivlen=8,
> > keysizemin=128, keysizemax=256
> > 000 algorithm ESP encrypt: id=19, name=ESP_AES_GCM_B, ivlen=8,
> > keysizemin=128, keysizemax=256
> > 000 algorithm ESP encrypt: id=20, name=ESP_AES_GCM_C, ivlen=8,
> > keysizemin=128, keysizemax=256
> > 000 algorithm ESP encrypt: id=22, name=ESP_CAMELLIA, ivlen=8,
> > keysizemin=128, keysizemax=256
> > 000 algorithm ESP encrypt: id=252, name=ESP_SERPENT, ivlen=8,
> > keysizemin=128, keysizemax=256
> > 000 algorithm ESP encrypt: id=253, name=ESP_TWOFISH, ivlen=8,
> > keysizemin=128, keysizemax=256
> > 000 algorithm ESP auth attr: id=1, name=AUTH_ALGORITHM_HMAC_MD5,
> > keysizemin=128, keysizemax=128
> > 000 algorithm ESP auth attr: id=2, name=AUTH_ALGORITHM_HMAC_SHA1,
> > keysizemin=160, keysizemax=160
> > 000 algorithm ESP auth attr: id=5, name=AUTH_ALGORITHM_HMAC_SHA2_256,
> > keysizemin=256, keysizemax=256
> > 000 algorithm ESP auth attr: id=6, name=AUTH_ALGORITHM_HMAC_SHA2_384,
> > keysizemin=384, keysizemax=384
> > 000 algorithm ESP auth attr: id=7, name=AUTH_ALGORITHM_HMAC_SHA2_512,
> > keysizemin=512, keysizemax=512
> > 000 algorithm ESP auth attr: id=8, name=AUTH_ALGORITHM_HMAC_RIPEMD,
> > keysizemin=160, keysizemax=160
> > 000 algorithm ESP auth attr: id=9, name=AUTH_ALGORITHM_AES_CBC,
> > keysizemin=128, keysizemax=128
> > 000 algorithm ESP auth attr: id=251, name=AUTH_ALGORITHM_NULL_KAME,
> > keysizemin=0, keysizemax=0
> > 000
> > 000 algorithm IKE encrypt: id=0, name=(null), blocksize=16, keydeflen=131
> > 000 algorithm IKE encrypt: id=5, name=OAKLEY_3DES_CBC, blocksize=8,
> > keydeflen=192
> > 000 algorithm IKE encrypt: id=7, name=OAKLEY_AES_CBC, blocksize=16,
> > keydeflen=128
> > 000 algorithm IKE hash: id=1, name=OAKLEY_MD5, hashsize=16
> > 000 algorithm IKE hash: id=2, name=OAKLEY_SHA1, hashsize=20
> > 000 algorithm IKE hash: id=4, name=OAKLEY_SHA2_256, hashsize=32
> > 000 algorithm IKE hash: id=6, name=OAKLEY_SHA2_512, hashsize=64
> > 000 algorithm IKE dh group: id=2, name=OAKLEY_GROUP_MODP1024, bits=1024
> > 000 algorithm IKE dh group: id=5, name=OAKLEY_GROUP_MODP1536, bits=1536
> > 000 algorithm IKE dh group: id=14, name=OAKLEY_GROUP_MODP2048, bits=2048
> > 000 algorithm IKE dh group: id=15, name=OAKLEY_GROUP_MODP3072, bits=3072
> > 000 algorithm IKE dh group: id=16, name=OAKLEY_GROUP_MODP4096, bits=4096
> > 000 algorithm IKE dh group: id=17, name=OAKLEY_GROUP_MODP6144, bits=6144
> > 000 algorithm IKE dh group: id=18, name=OAKLEY_GROUP_MODP8192, bits=8192
> > 000 algorithm IKE dh group: id=22, name=OAKLEY_GROUP_DH22, bits=1024
> > 000 algorithm IKE dh group: id=23, name=OAKLEY_GROUP_DH23, bits=2048
> > 000 algorithm IKE dh group: id=24, name=OAKLEY_GROUP_DH24, bits=2048
> > 000
> > 000 stats db_ops: {curr_cnt, total_cnt, maxsz} :context={0,2,36}
> > trans={0,2,1536} attrs={0,2,2048}
> > 000
> > 000 "telphin": 10.128.139.0/24===1.1.1.123
> > <http://10.128.139.0/24===1.1.1.123
> ><1.1.1.123>---1.1.1.1...1.1.1.1---2.2.2.2<2.2.2.2>===10.128.0.0/24
> > <http://10.128.0.0/24>; prospective erouted; eroute owner: #0
> > 000 "telphin": myip=unset; hisip=unset;
> > 000 "telphin": ike_life: 3600s; ipsec_life: 28800s; rekey_margin:
> > 540s; rekey_fuzz: 100%; keyingtries: 0
> > 000 "telphin": policy:
> > PSK+ENCRYPT+TUNNEL+PFS+UP+IKEv2ALLOW+SAREFTRACK+lKOD+rKOD; prio: 24,24;
> > interface: eth0;
> > 000 "telphin": newest ISAKMP SA: #1; newest IPsec SA: #0;
> > 000 "telphin": IKE algorithms wanted:
> > 3DES_CBC(5)_000-SHA1(2)_000-MODP1024(2); flags=strict
> > 000 "telphin": IKE algorithms found:
> > 3DES_CBC(5)_192-SHA1(2)_160-MODP1024(2)
> > 000 "telphin": IKE algorithm newest: 3DES_CBC_192-SHA1-MODP1024
> > 000 "telphin": ESP algorithms wanted: 3DES(3)_000-SHA1(2)_000;
> > flags=strict
> > 000 "telphin": ESP algorithms loaded: 3DES(3)_192-SHA1(2)_160
> > 000
> > 000 #2: "telphin":500 STATE_QUICK_I1 (sent QI1, expecting QR1);
> > EVENT_RETRANSMIT in 33s; lastdpd=-1s(seq in:0 out:0); idle; import:admin
> > initiate
> > 000 #1: "telphin":500 STATE_MAIN_I4 (ISAKMP SA established);
> > EVENT_SA_REPLACE in 2792s; newest ISAKMP; lastdpd=-1s(seq in:0 out:0);
> > idle; import:admin initiate
> > 000
> >
> > status end
> >
> >
> > log file start
> >
> > Apr 15 18:34:38 vm12202 ipsec__plutorun: Starting Pluto subsystem...
> > Apr 15 18:34:38 vm12202 pluto[4039]: Starting Pluto (Openswan Version
> > 2.6.38; Vendor ID OEvy\134kgzWq\134s) pid:4039
> > Apr 15 18:34:38 vm12202 pluto[4039]: LEAK_DETECTIVE support [disabled]
> > Apr 15 18:34:38 vm12202 pluto[4039]: OCF support for IKE [disabled]
> > Apr 15 18:34:38 vm12202 pluto[4039]: SAref support [disabled]: Protocol
> > not available
> > Apr 15 18:34:38 vm12202 pluto[4039]: SAbind support [disabled]: Protocol
> > not available
> > Apr 15 18:34:38 vm12202 pluto[4039]: NSS support [disabled]
> > Apr 15 18:34:38 vm12202 pluto[4039]: HAVE_STATSD notification support
> > not compiled in
> > Apr 15 18:34:38 vm12202 pluto[4039]: Setting NAT-Traversal port-4500
> > floating to off
> > Apr 15 18:34:38 vm12202 pluto[4039]: port floating activation
> > criteria nat_t=0/port_float=1
> > Apr 15 18:34:38 vm12202 pluto[4039]: NAT-Traversal support [disabled]
> > Apr 15 18:34:38 vm12202 pluto[4039]: using /dev/urandom as source of
> > random entropy
> > Apr 15 18:34:38 vm12202 pluto[4039]: ike_alg_register_enc(): Activating
> > OAKLEY_AES_CBC: Ok (ret=0)
> > Apr 15 18:34:38 vm12202 pluto[4039]: ike_alg_register_hash(): Activating
> > OAKLEY_SHA2_512: Ok (ret=0)
> > Apr 15 18:34:38 vm12202 pluto[4039]: ike_alg_register_hash(): Activating
> > OAKLEY_SHA2_256: Ok (ret=0)
> > Apr 15 18:34:38 vm12202 pluto[4039]: starting up 1 cryptographic helpers
> > Apr 15 18:34:38 vm12202 pluto[4039]: started helper pid=4041 (fd:6)
> > Apr 15 18:34:38 vm12202 pluto[4039]: Using Linux 2.6 IPsec interface
> > code on 3.1.0-1.2-xen (experimental code)
> > Apr 15 18:34:38 vm12202 pluto[4041]: using /dev/urandom as source of
> > random entropy
> > Apr 15 18:34:38 vm12202 pluto[4039]: ike_alg_register_enc(): Activating
> > aes_ccm_8: Ok (ret=0)
> > Apr 15 18:34:38 vm12202 pluto[4039]: ike_alg_add(): ERROR: algo_type
> > '0', algo_id '0', Algorithm type already exists
> > Apr 15 18:34:38 vm12202 pluto[4039]: ike_alg_register_enc(): Activating
> > aes_ccm_12: FAILED (ret=-17)
> > Apr 15 18:34:38 vm12202 pluto[4039]: ike_alg_add(): ERROR: algo_type
> > '0', algo_id '0', Algorithm type already exists
> > Apr 15 18:34:38 vm12202 pluto[4039]: ike_alg_register_enc(): Activating
> > aes_ccm_16: FAILED (ret=-17)
> > Apr 15 18:34:38 vm12202 pluto[4039]: ike_alg_add(): ERROR: algo_type
> > '0', algo_id '0', Algorithm type already exists
> > Apr 15 18:34:38 vm12202 pluto[4039]: ike_alg_register_enc(): Activating
> > aes_gcm_8: FAILED (ret=-17)
> > Apr 15 18:34:38 vm12202 pluto[4039]: ike_alg_add(): ERROR: algo_type
> > '0', algo_id '0', Algorithm type already exists
> > Apr 15 18:34:38 vm12202 pluto[4039]: ike_alg_register_enc(): Activating
> > aes_gcm_12: FAILED (ret=-17)
> > Apr 15 18:34:38 vm12202 pluto[4039]: ike_alg_add(): ERROR: algo_type
> > '0', algo_id '0', Algorithm type already exists
> > Apr 15 18:34:38 vm12202 pluto[4039]: ike_alg_register_enc(): Activating
> > aes_gcm_16: FAILED (ret=-17)
> > Apr 15 18:34:38 vm12202 pluto[4039]: added connection description
> "telphin"
> > Apr 15 18:34:38 vm12202 pluto[4039]: listening for IKE messages
> > Apr 15 18:34:38 vm12202 pluto[4039]: adding interface tun0/tun0
> > 10.128.139.1:500 <http://10.128.139.1:500>
> > Apr 15 18:34:38 vm12202 pluto[4039]: adding interface eth0/eth0
> > 1.1.1.123:500 <http://1.1.1.123:500>
> > Apr 15 18:34:38 vm12202 pluto[4039]: adding interface lo/lo
> > 127.0.0.1:500 <http://127.0.0.1:500>
> > Apr 15 18:34:38 vm12202 pluto[4039]: adding interface lo/lo ::1:500
> > Apr 15 18:34:38 vm12202 pluto[4039]: loading secrets from
> > "/etc/ipsec.secrets"
> > Apr 15 18:34:38 vm12202 pluto[4039]: "telphin" #1: initiating Main Mode
> > Apr 15 18:34:38 vm12202 pluto[4039]: "telphin" #1: transition from state
> > STATE_MAIN_I1 to state STATE_MAIN_I2
> > Apr 15 18:34:38 vm12202 pluto[4039]: "telphin" #1: STATE_MAIN_I2: sent
> > MI2, expecting MR2
> > Apr 15 18:34:38 vm12202 pluto[4039]: "telphin" #1: received Vendor ID
> > payload [Cisco-Unity]
> > Apr 15 18:34:38 vm12202 pluto[4039]: "telphin" #1: received Vendor ID
> > payload [Dead Peer Detection]
> > Apr 15 18:34:38 vm12202 pluto[4039]: "telphin" #1: ignoring unknown
> > Vendor ID payload [24f71717df62d1ed92fbaa8e988a9af6]
> > Apr 15 18:34:38 vm12202 pluto[4039]: "telphin" #1: received Vendor ID
> > payload [XAUTH]
> > Apr 15 18:34:38 vm12202 pluto[4039]: "telphin" #1: transition from state
> > STATE_MAIN_I2 to state STATE_MAIN_I3
> > Apr 15 18:34:38 vm12202 pluto[4039]: "telphin" #1: STATE_MAIN_I3: sent
> > MI3, expecting MR3
> > Apr 15 18:34:38 vm12202 pluto[4039]: "telphin" #1: Main mode peer ID is
> > ID_IPV4_ADDR: '2.2.2.2'
> > Apr 15 18:34:38 vm12202 pluto[4039]: "telphin" #1: transition from state
> > STATE_MAIN_I3 to state STATE_MAIN_I4
> > Apr 15 18:34:38 vm12202 pluto[4039]: "telphin" #1: STATE_MAIN_I4: ISAKMP
> > SA established {auth=OAKLEY_PRESHARED_KEY cipher=oakley_3des_cbc_192
> > prf=oakley_sha group=modp1024}
> > Apr 15 18:34:38 vm12202 pluto[4039]: "telphin" #2: initiating Quick Mode
> > PSK+ENCRYPT+TUNNEL+PFS+UP+IKEv2ALLOW+SAREFTRACK {using isakmp#1
> > msgid:cccf4cf7 proposal=3DES(3)_192-SHA1(2)_160
> > pfsgroup=OAKLEY_GROUP_MODP1024}
> > Apr 15 18:34:38 vm12202 pluto[4039]: "telphin" #1: ignoring
> > informational payload, type NO_PROPOSAL_CHOSEN msgid=00000000
> > Apr 15 18:34:38 vm12202 pluto[4039]: "telphin" #1: received and ignored
> > informational message
> >
> > log file end
> >
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > Users at lists.openswan.org
> > https://lists.openswan.org/mailman/listinfo/users
> > Micropayments: https://flattr.com/thing/38387/IPsec-for-Linux-made-easy
> > Building and Integrating Virtual Private Networks with Openswan:
> > http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1904811256/104-3099591-2946327?n=283155
> >
>
> _______________________________________________
> Users at lists.openswan.org
> https://lists.openswan.org/mailman/listinfo/users
> Micropayments: https://flattr.com/thing/38387/IPsec-for-Linux-made-easy
> Building and Integrating Virtual Private Networks with Openswan:
> http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1904811256/104-3099591-2946327?n=283155
>
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